tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36316500992728428892024-03-13T10:57:08.197-07:00competition firekarmanye vaadhikaraste maaphaleshu kadhachanaduggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-57628227144674937012011-12-29T09:25:00.000-08:002011-12-29T09:28:18.979-08:00APPSC JL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION KEY SERIES C this is not my own and took from somewhere<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8tQFnQMliHhXgufuFhgz-grEU8JIdkO8pbjYgyZdpnX-pPN2c-cOdjYeETS9tT3E9AJtkJkmhVjKwm0FORkLCBG3xL_V2Cz3fNItL-Ob-mUfIC4Jl86ZtACYOiWVUyf9GE5LEqbjaMsT1/s1600/0033.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 322px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8tQFnQMliHhXgufuFhgz-grEU8JIdkO8pbjYgyZdpnX-pPN2c-cOdjYeETS9tT3E9AJtkJkmhVjKwm0FORkLCBG3xL_V2Cz3fNItL-Ob-mUfIC4Jl86ZtACYOiWVUyf9GE5LEqbjaMsT1/s400/0033.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691602953736206178" /></a>duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-79938226734193172242011-12-29T09:20:00.001-08:002011-12-29T09:20:45.261-08:00JL Commerce part 3<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfAnCBunC-PaC7tz8Qh1X6nR5apDbnIECkRbk42xnbbTviomxxPVG1A2DQU3GKsFCcj_SF-jf2JXoc7QRQfz7dQ1pL3KyQU0bcCF3Df24b8TmPiSsagTeIpT-yH4mCj9g45Bg8Ba6SRaZI/s1600/0003.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 309px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfAnCBunC-PaC7tz8Qh1X6nR5apDbnIECkRbk42xnbbTviomxxPVG1A2DQU3GKsFCcj_SF-jf2JXoc7QRQfz7dQ1pL3KyQU0bcCF3Df24b8TmPiSsagTeIpT-yH4mCj9g45Bg8Ba6SRaZI/s400/0003.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691601444725213490" /></a>duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-51512582689729558742011-12-29T09:19:00.000-08:002011-12-29T09:20:01.938-08:00Jl Commerce part 2<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYucDOr7vNZIO-ywDtZHfflM5XuHBjnau7B2wGulzxkI1-HqImTJHab1NXakc-8CBMDzssLox1JEtoFNb_YxlL2sQy1BJGjs7_KuBH-eDESi4cLeB3IHk3Zl_lkTQRS9gnXHrE8uI-Gcg/s1600/0002.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 309px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYucDOr7vNZIO-ywDtZHfflM5XuHBjnau7B2wGulzxkI1-HqImTJHab1NXakc-8CBMDzssLox1JEtoFNb_YxlL2sQy1BJGjs7_KuBH-eDESi4cLeB3IHk3Zl_lkTQRS9gnXHrE8uI-Gcg/s400/0002.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691601222296867874" /></a>duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-74628492548241003082011-12-29T08:57:00.000-08:002011-12-29T09:18:46.231-08:00JL Commerce key part 1<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDdFD0-8TTeURdxoOOHTGGGloRGeeuqDzVzZOtPBhP6Rt0AoSjhtyCMI9mhIZMT4g7k_We7fcQaWtlRM53ZrWfBTj054QCPT3R1NpqLUld3xxzm6kOc0d7l0svlLsYokB6fcoYqNWfbqAy/s1600/0001.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 309px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDdFD0-8TTeURdxoOOHTGGGloRGeeuqDzVzZOtPBhP6Rt0AoSjhtyCMI9mhIZMT4g7k_We7fcQaWtlRM53ZrWfBTj054QCPT3R1NpqLUld3xxzm6kOc0d7l0svlLsYokB6fcoYqNWfbqAy/s400/0001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691600793785976994" /></a>duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-68542084280848982852011-12-29T08:54:00.000-08:002011-12-29T08:56:30.979-08:00APPSC JL COMMERCE KEYSeries C <br />APPSC JL Commerce Key held on 03.12.2011<br />Question No. Answer <br />1 1 <br />2 3 <br />3 3 <br />4 3 <br />5 2 <br />6 2 <br />7 3 <br />8 2 <br />9 1 <br />10 3 <br />11 3 <br />12 2 <br />13 4 <br />14 3 <br />15 2 <br />16 3 <br />17 1 <br />18 1 <br />19 2 <br />20 3 <br />21 1 <br />22 2 <br />23 3 <br />24 4 <br />25 1 <br />26 4 <br />27 2 <br />28 1 <br />29 4 <br />30 4 <br />31 2 <br />32 2 <br />33 4 <br />34 2 <br />35 1 <br />36 3 <br />37 2 <br />38 4 <br />39 3 <br />40 4 <br />41 1 <br />42 3 <br />43 2 <br />44 2 <br />45 1 <br />46 3 <br />47 1 <br />48 1 <br />49 2 <br />50 3 <br />51 2 <br />52 3 <br />53 4 <br />54 3 <br />55 4 <br />56 2 <br />57 3 <br />58 2 <br />59 4 <br />60 1 <br />61 4 <br />62 **** <br />63 1 <br />64 2 <br />65 2 <br />66 4 <br />67 3 <br />68 1 <br />69 4 <br />70 1 <br />71 2 <br />72 4 <br />73 3 <br />74 1 <br />75 4 <br />76 3 <br />77 1 <br />78 4 <br />79 3 <br />80 2 <br />81 4 <br />82 3 <br />83 1 <br />84 1 <br />85 3 <br />86 4 <br />87 3 <br />88 1 <br />89 4 <br />90 1 <br />91 1 <br />92 3 <br />93 3 <br />94 1 <br />95 1 <br />96 3 <br />97 1 <br />98 2 <br />99 3 <br />100 1 <br />101 2 <br />102 1 <br />103 3 <br />104 1 <br />105 2 <br />106 4 <br />107 2 <br />108 1 <br />109 2 <br />110 3 <br />111 2 <br />112 4 <br />113 4 <br />114 4 <br />115 3 <br />116 3 <br />117 1 <br />118 3 <br />119 1 <br />120 2 <br />121 1 <br />122 3 <br />123 1 <br />124 1 <br />125 3 <br />126 3 <br />127 1 <br />128 4 <br />129 1 <br />130 2 <br />131 1 <br />132 2 <br />133 1 <br />134 2 <br />135 3 <br />136 2 <br />137 1 <br />138 4 <br />139 2 <br />140 1 <br />141 1 <br />142 2 <br />143 2 <br />144 2 <br />145 3 <br />146 2 <br />147 1 <br />148 2 <br />149 1 <br />150 1duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-57374033170924298872009-03-22T06:21:00.000-07:002009-03-22T06:23:42.259-07:00Group 1 and 2 applicationsGroup 1 and 2 applications will be accepted online from 24th & 25th of March 2008 by APPSC<br />logon to apspsc.gov.induggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-80912001223647454952009-02-15T05:37:00.000-08:002009-02-15T05:42:35.081-08:00group2 resultsgroup 2 results has been declared and group 1 results mat be declard in 1 weekduggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-89061610539805699512009-01-17T07:25:00.000-08:002009-01-17T07:31:14.169-08:00preparationThis time focus will be on AP Economy and AP history<br /><br />Economic issues will be asked in view of satyam and software industry down fallduggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-25751180375874137872009-01-17T07:22:00.000-08:002009-01-17T07:25:24.364-08:00APPSC GROUP I & IIAppsc has increased group 1 posts 78 and group 2 183.Aplications will be accepted online from March 2009duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-23724358074712581812008-12-30T22:16:00.001-08:002008-12-30T22:17:39.952-08:00GROUP-II SERVICES SyllabusGROUP-II SERVICES<br />1<br /> <br />SYLLABUS<br />PAPER-I<br />GENERAL STUDIES<br />General Science<br />Current Events of National and International Importance.<br />History of India and Indian National Movement. India and World Geography.<br />General Mental Ability.<br />Questions on General Science will cover General appreciation and understanding of science including<br />matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person who<br />has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events, knowledge of<br />significant national and international events will be tested. In History of India, emphasis will be on<br />broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects. Questions<br />on Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century<br />resurgence, growth of Nationalism and attainment of independence. In geography emphasis will be on<br />geography of India. Questions on geography of India will relate to physical, social and economic<br />geography of the country, including the main features of the Indian agricultural and natural resources.<br />On general mental ability, the candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.<br />PAPER-II<br />SECTION-1: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF ANDHRA PRADESH<br />1. The Satavahanas and their contribution – social structure – Ikshvakus and their cultural<br />contribution; Buddhism and Jainism; The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi – their socio-cultural<br />contribution – growth of Telugu language & Literature.<br />2. Socio- Cultural and Religious conditions in Andhra Desha between first and fifteenth<br />centuries of the Christian Era.<br />3. Establishment of British Rule – 1857 Revolt and its impact on Andhra and Hyderabad<br />Socio-cultural awakening ; Adi-Andhra/Dalit and Justice/self – respect movements;<br />Growth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra between 1885 and 1947 – Role of socialists –<br />communists – anti-zamindari-kisan movements.<br />4. Asafjahi Dynasty – socio-cultural awakening in Telangana -Adi-Hindu Movement – Nizam<br />Rashtra Janasangham – Andhra Mahasabha – Andhra Saaraswata Parishat – Hyderabad<br />State Congress and Vandemataram Movement.<br />5. Growth of Leftist / Communist Movement and Telangana People’s Armed Struggle –<br />Ittehadul-Muslimeen – Razakars-anti-Nizam Struggles and end of Nizam’s Rule.<br />Integration of Hyderabad State into Indian Union – Formation of Andhra Pradesh –<br />Important historical events after 1956.<br />SECTION-2:<br />GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION<br />1) Salient features of the Indian Constitution – Preamble, Fundamental Duties, Fundamental<br />Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and their relationship.<br />2) Distinctive features of Indian Federation - Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union<br />and the State; Relative roles of Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.<br />rd<br />th<br />3) Community development experiment – 3 tier model of Panchayat Raj – 73<br />and 74<br />amendments and their implementation.<br />4) Welfare Mechanism in India: Provisions for Scheduled Castes, Tribes and Minorities;<br />Reservations for SC, ST and Backward Classes; Prevention of SC and ST Atrocities Act;<br />National and State SC and ST Commission; Women’s Commission; National and States<br />Minorities Commission and Human Rights Commission.<br />5) Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures – Functions and crises of accountability, decline of<br />legislature.<br />2<br /> <br />PAPER-III<br />Section-1: PLANNING IN INDIA & INDIAN ECONOMY<br />1) Planning in Indian Economy – Socio-economic objectives and outlays of 5 year plans – Major<br />controversies of planning in India – Alternative strategies – Goals and achievements – shortfall<br />of different plans – Planning in the market – Major reforms/policy changes effect from 1991.<br />2) Broad fiscal, monetary, industrial trade and agricultural policies, objectives, rationale,<br />constraints and effects.<br />3) Geographic size – Endowment of natural resources, population; size composition quality and<br />growth trends – occupational distribution – effect of British rule with reference to drain theory<br />and Laissez faire Policy.<br />4) Money banking and public finances – concept of money and measures of money supply<br />velocity of money banks and credit creation, determination of price level – inflation, its causes<br />and remedies , finance budget – taxes and non-tax revenue.<br />5) Meaning and measurements of growth- growth distribution and welfare, characteristics of<br />under development, stages of development, sources of growth capital – human capital,<br />population, productivity, trade and aid, growth strategies – types of average measures –<br />dispersion-correlation-index numbers ; types, uses and limitations.<br />Section-2: CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN RURAL SOCIETY WITH<br />SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANDHRA PRADESH<br />1. National Income & Main sectors of Economy, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Per capita<br />income and HDI (Human Development Index) as measures of development. Relative<br />contribution of agriculture to income and employment in the recent four decades of AP.<br />2. Five year plans of AP – Outlays, Finance in public sector plan and resource allocation<br />pattern in the recent five year plan.<br />3. Need for and aims of land reforms in AP – Structure of land holdings in AP. Forest, sown<br />and irrigated area in AP. Cropping pattern. Sources of Agricultural finance in AP –<br />Agricultural subsidies.<br />4. Growth and structure of Industries in Andhra Pradesh , factories, small and tiny sectors,<br />their comparison , growth , weaknesses and problems- Institutional and non-institutional –<br />growth and structure of cooperatives in Andhra Pradesh – Share of cooperatives in total<br />credits – adequacy and problems.<br />5. Structure of Agricultural outputs – administered prices including support and procurement<br />prices – Public Distribution System in AP ; Service sector of AP – importance, composition<br />and growth with special reference to transport and communication, tourism and information<br />and biotechnology.duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-70514783601932049432008-12-30T21:19:00.000-08:002008-12-30T21:21:10.693-08:00Junior Lecturers Syllabus of APPSCSCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF<br />JUNIOR LECTURERS IN A.P. INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION SERVICE<br />(P.G. standard)<br />Duration<br />Maximum<br />Papers No.of<br />Questions<br />(Minutes)<br />Marks<br />PART-A: Written ‘Examination (Objective Type)<br />Paper-1: General Studies 150 150 150<br />Paper-2: Concerned Subject (One only) 150 150 300<br />PART-B: Interview (Oral Test)<br />50<br />1. The Candidates have to choose one subject from the following for Paper-2:<br />Name of the Subject<br />Mathematics<br />Physics<br />Zoology<br />Urdu<br />N.B:<br />1. The selections to these posts will be based on the total marks obtained by the candidates at the<br />written examination and oral test taken together subject to the rule of reservation.<br />2. The eligible candidates will be called for an interview at the ratio of 1:2 with referenced to the<br />number of vacancies duly following the special representation as laid down in General Rule-22 and<br />22-A of A.P. State and Subordinate Service Rules.<br />3. Appearance to Written Examination and Oral Test is compulsory for final selection.<br />4. For Paper-2 i.e., concerned subject the candidates have to write the subject of study at Post<br />Graduate level but not other subject<br />SYLLABUS<br />PAPER-1: GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY<br />1. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their implications<br />including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of a well-educated person<br />who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.<br />2. Current events of national and international importance.<br />3. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic,<br />cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.<br />4. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.<br />5. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development – Planning and<br />economic reforms in India.<br />6. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences.<br /> <br />2<br />ENGLISH<br />th<br />Detailed Study of literary age (19<br />Century) viz.,<br />The period of English Literature from 1798 to 1900 with special reference to the works of the major<br />writers including Words worth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, Shelley, Lamb, Hazlitt, Thackeray, Dickens,<br />Tennyson, Browning, Arnold George Eliot, Calyle and Ruskin.<br />Study of the following Texts:<br />1. William Shakespeare : ‘Macbeth’, ‘Hamlet’, ‘Julius Vrsdst’, ‘Tempest’<br />2. John Milton : ‘Paradise Lost’, -Books I & II<br />3. Alexander Pope : .‘The Rape of the Lock’<br />4. William Wordsworth : ‘The Immorality Ode’, ‘The Tin Tern Abbey’<br />5. John Keats : ‘Ode to a Nightingale’<br />6. P.B. Shelley : ‘Ode to the West Wing’<br />7. Jane Austen : ‘Pride and Prejudice’.<br />8. Charles Dickens : ‘A Tale of Two Cities’<br />9. Thomas Hardy : ‘The mayor of Casterbridge’<br />10. W.B. Yeats : “Byzantium”, ‘The Second Coming’.<br />11. T.S. Eliot : ‘The Waste Land’.<br />12. D.H. Lawrence : ‘Sons and Lovers’.<br />13. Mulk Raj Anand : ‘The Big heart’<br />14. R.K. Narayan : ‘The Man eater of Malgudi’<br /> <br />3<br />TELUGU<br />I.<br />a) Study of classical poets – their age and works – particular selections from Nannaya, Tikkana,<br />Errapragada, Salva Poets i.e., (Nannechoda, Mallikarjuna Pandita, Palakuriki Soma), Nachana<br />Somana – Bhaskara Ramayana poets and Ranganatha Ramayana Poet – Srinatha – Pothana –<br />Pillalamarri Pinaveerabhadra – Raurana – Jakkana – Anantamatya – Koravi Goparaju – Nandi<br />Mallaya and Ghanta Singana – Ashta Diggaja Poets – Tallapaka Poets – Krishnadeva Raya –<br />Ponnaganti Telangana – Chemakura Venkataraju – King Poets of Tanjavore – Women Poets –<br />Kuchimanchi Poets – (Jaggana – Timmana).<br />b) Vemana, his philosophy – Observations and views on his times – his importance as commentator on<br />contemporary times – his relevance now.<br />II.<br />a) Study of literary trends – Sailent features of the ages, forms etc., Itihasa – Purana Prabhandha –<br />Sataka – Folksong – Yakshagana – Samkertana Literature – Historical poem, Prose works classical<br />and Modern – Novel-short story – Essay - One Act Play, etc.<br />b) Classical and Neo-classical trends – Modern Age.<br />III<br />. Study of Modern Poets – Modern Trends – their works, Gurajada – Rayaprolu – Veereshalingam –<br />Chilakamarthi – Panuganti – Viswanatha, Devulapalli, Basavaraju, Pingali, Katuri, Duvvuri,<br />Puttaparthi, Sri Sri and leading Modern Poets – Trends – Romantic Movement – Progressive<br />Movement – Digambara Poets etc.<br />IV.<br />Study of Telugu Grammar and General Prosody – Balavyakaranam and Praudha Vyakaranam.<br />V<br />. Study of History and Evolution of Telugu language – From the early period of Modern period – The<br />place of Telugu among the language families of India in general and the Drvidian family in particular<br />Geographical positions and distribution – dialectal forms etc.<br />VI<br />. Study of Philology – Linguistics and Semantics – Modern period: Evolution of Telugu through<br />linguistic and literary movements (like the spoken Telugu movements, etc.)<br />VII.<br />Study of Evolution of Telugu literature from the early period of Modern period covering all the ages.<br />VII<br />I. Study of Aesthetics and Literary criticism (Eastern and Western outlook)<br />IX<br />. Study of Sanskrit Grammar and Kavyas: Elementary knowledge of Sanskrit Grammar – Simple and<br />standard texts for prose and poetry – Hitopadesa and Kalidasa’s works.<br /> <br />4<br />ECONOMICS<br />I. 1. National Economic Accounting, National Income Analysis Generation and Distribution of Income and<br />related aggregates: Gross National Product, Net National Product, Gross Domestic Product & Net<br />Domestic Product (at market prices and factor costs): at constant and current prices.<br />2. Price Theory: Law of Demand: Utility analysis and Indifference Curve techniques, Consumer<br />equilibrium, Cost curves and their relationships; equilibrium of a firm under different market<br />structures; pricing of factors of Production.<br />3. Money and Banking: Definitions and functions of money (M1, M2 M3): Credit creation; Credit;<br />Sources, Costs and availability; theories of the Demand for money.<br />4. International Trade: The theory of comparative costs; Recardian Hockseher Ohlin; the balance of<br />payments and the adjustment mechanism. Trade theory and economic growth and development.<br />5. Economic growth and development; Meaning and measurement; characteristics of under<br />development; rate and pattern, Modern Growth; Sources of growth distribution and growth-problems<br />of growth of developing economics.<br />II. Indian Economy-India’s economy since Independence; trends in population growth since 1951,<br />Population and poverty; general trends in National Income and related aggregates; Planning in India<br />Objectives, Strategy and rate and pattern of growth; problems of Industrialization strategy;<br />Agricultural growth since Independence with special reference to food-grains; unemployment; nature<br />of the problem and possible solution, Public Finance and Economic Policy.<br />III. Identification of backward regions and the problems of regional development with special reference<br />to Andhra Pradesh.<br /> <br />5<br />COMMERCE<br />Financial Management:<br />Corporation Finance – Economic and Managerial Aspects – Finance Education<br />Financial Plan – Operating and Financial leverage – Capital Structure determinants<br />Internal Financial Control – Ratio Analysis – Break-even Analysis – Sources and uses of funds<br />statements<br />Concepts of valuation and cost of capital – Cost of Debt-Cost of preference capital – Cost of Equity<br />Capital – Cost of retained earnings – Weighted Cost of Capital.<br />Fundamentals of capital Budgeting – Evaluation of Investment opportunities – Pay back Accounting,<br />Rate of return – Discounted cash Flow Techniques.<br />Concepts of over and under capitalization – Working Capital Management – Management of<br />Inventories – Receivables and cash<br />Economics and Income retention – dividend policy - Financial aspects of expansion, reconstruction<br />and recognition<br />Industrial Organisation:<br />Concepts of Industry, Firm and Plant<br />Size of Units – Optimum firm and representation firm – Size in private and Public Sectors in India-<br />Problems and Policy implications – Multi-plant units – Multi Plant units in private and public sectors –<br />Economic problems and Policy size and efficiency.<br />Location – Concepts of location and localization – Location criteria – Factors influencing localization<br />– Measures of localization – Localisation pattern in Indian industry – Balanced Regional<br />Development – Location development of managers – Performance appraisal<br />State and Industry – Operational Control over Private Industry<br />Labour Economics and Industrial Relations.<br />Labour in Industrial Society – Man power problems of under-developed countries<br />Economics of the Labour Market – factors affecting supply and demand for labour – Concepts of full<br />employment, unemployment – different types of unemployment – Causes – Effects and remedial<br />measures, labour mobility – Absenteeism and turnover.<br />Social security and Labour welfare – Problems of Social security in a developing economy– Social<br />Security in India; Settlement of Industrial disputes – Machinery for the same<br />Collective bargaining – Objectives and methods – Issues in Bargaining<br />Tripartite bodies in Industrial Relations<br />Management:<br />Organisation concept – different approaches to the study of Organisation. Constraints over<br />organisational and managerial performance. Principles of organisation<br />Planning – Business Objectives – Social responsibilities of business<br />Authority, Power, Influence and the art of delegation, Span of Supervision<br />Line and Staff relationships<br />Bases and problems of departmentation<br />Centralisation and Decentralisation<br />Bureaucracy-Committee management<br />Top management functions and the role of the Board<br />Control functions in organisations<br />Group dynamics<br />Communication -Leadership – Motivation – Morale – Training and Development of managers –<br />Performance appraisal.<br /> <br />6<br />MATHEMATICS<br />Real Analysis<br />: Continuity and differentiability of real functions.; Uniform continuity, Sequences and series<br />of functions. Uniform convergence. Functions of bounded variation. Riemann integration.<br />Complex “Analysis<br />: Analytic functions. Cauchy’s theorem Cauchy’s integral formula. Iaurent’s series.<br />Singularities. Theory of residues – Conformal mapping.<br />Abstract Algebra<br />: Groups – Sub-groups – normal sbugroups Quotient group Homomorphism –<br />Fundamental theorem of Hamomorphism, Permutation groups: Cayley’s theorem – Rings – Subrings –<br />Ideals – Fields – Polynomial rings.<br />Linear Algebra:<br />Vector spacers – Basis and dimension – Linear transformations – Matrices – Characteristic<br />roots and characteristic vectors – systems of linear equations – Canonicl forms – Cayley – Hamilton<br />theorem.<br />Differential Equations<br />: First order ordinary differential equations (O.D.E) and their solutions – Singular<br />solutions. Intial value problems for first order O.D.E. General theory of homogeneous and non-<br />homogeneous linear differential equations, variation of parameters. Elements of first order partial<br />differential equations (PDE).<br />Co-ordinate Geometry of Three Dimentions: The Plane – The straight-line – Sphere and cone.<br /> <br />7<br />PHYSICS<br />I. Mathematical Physics:<br />Vectors: Vector operators like DCI & grad, div. & curl. Surface and volume integrals – Theorems of Gauss,<br />Stokes, & Green.<br />Matrices: Quality, addition and subtraction, multiplication of matrices, inverse of a matrices, similarity and<br />unitary transformation Characteristic equation of a matrix Eigen values – Eigen vectors Square, diagonal,<br />unit, symmetric, and skewmatrix-Hermitian and unitary matrix.<br />Tensors: Tensors of any order –Transformation relation Covariant & Contra-variant tensors-Christoffel<br />symbols.<br />Fourier Analysis: Trigonometric Fourier series – Evaluation of coefficients – Exponential Fourier series.<br />II. Classical Mechanics:<br />General Theorems of mechanics of mass points – Principales of Virtual work – De-Alember’s principle –<br />Lagrange’s equation of motion – Hamilton’s principle – Hamilton’s Equation of motion – Principle of lest<br />action – Canonical transformations = Poisson bracket. Rigid body motion – Euler’s theorem on rigid body<br />motion – moment of inertia-tensor – heavy Symmetrical top.<br />III. Electromagnetic Theory:<br />Generalisation of Ampere’s Law – Derivation of Maxwells equation – Pointing theorem – Transverse nature<br />of Electromagnetic waves – propagation & Conducting and non-conducting media – metallic reflection –<br />Propagation of light in crystalline media – Fresnel’s Theory of double refraction.<br />IV. Special Theory of Relativity:<br />Galilean Transformation – Newtonians Relativity – Michelson’s Morley Experiment – Postulates of special<br />theory of relativity Lorentz’s transformation – Relativistic particle mechanics Equivalence of mass & energy<br />– Covariance of Maxwell’s equation.<br />V. Statistical Mechanics:<br />Generalised coordinates & momenta-phase space, Liowellies Theorems – Maxwell Boltzman statistics –<br />Distribution of velocities and energy in ideal gas – Equipartition of energy – Vibrational, rotational, and<br />electronic partition functions for diatomic gas – specific heats of gas – Ortho and para hydrogen’s – Bose<br />Einstein & Fermi Dirac statistics – Bose Einstein gas and application to radiation – liquid helium – Free<br />electrons in metals.<br />VI. Quantum Mechanics:<br />Shordinger’s wave equation – Born interpretation of wave functions – Expectations values of dynamical<br />variables – Ehrenfests’ Theorem - Uncertainity Principle – Application of Shordinger’s equation to (a) One<br />dimensional squarewell potential (b) Simple harmonic Oscillator (c) Hydrogen atom.<br />Perturbation theory – First order and second order theories for non degenerate & degenerate systems –<br />Application to normal helium atom – Time dependent & time independent perturbation theory – Application<br />for each. Relativistic quantum mechanics – Klenn Garnian equation Dirac’s equation Solution for a free<br />particle meaning of negative energy states – Quantum theory of scattering – Born approximation.<br />VII. Electronics:<br />Vacuum: Tubes and semiconductor diodes – Principle and working of rectifier and power supply – Ripple<br />factor L and T section filters voltage stabilisation in power supplies characteristics of triode and pentode and<br />junction transistors their static characteristics – Voltage amplifiers – R.C. coupled amplifiers – and its<br />frequency response Negative feed back in amplifiers – Advantages of–Ve feed back – condition for<br />sinosoidal oscillations in transistor circuits Hartley and Colpitts oscillators–multi vibrators A stable–<br />Monostable and bi-stable type–Pulse generator–Saw tooth voltage generator Cathode–ray oscilloscope<br />(C.R.O).<br />VIII. Solid State Physics:<br />Crystallography – Classification of solids – Point group and space group – Crystal systems – Specification<br />of planes and directions – Elements of X-ray diffraction – Various crystal bindings – Metallic, ionic, co-valent<br />molecular and hydrogen bonded crystals – Band theory of solids – motion of electrons in periodic potential<br />Block’s theorem Kronig’s penny model – energy bands – Brillouin zones – distinction between insulators –<br />Metals and Semi-conductors on band theory.<br />IX. Nuclear Physics:<br />Radioactivity, Chain dis-integration, transient and secular equilibrium – Age of rocks and Radio carbon<br />dating – alpha decay or Gamow’s theory – Beta decay and nutrino Interaction of gamma rays with matter –<br />Selection rules – nuclear models – Liquid drop model – semi empirical mass formula – criteria for stability<br />against spontaneous decay – Shell model – nuclear detectors – Ionisation – Chambers – G.M. counters –<br />Proportional counters – bubble and spark chambers – Semi-conductor detectors.<br />X. Spectrocopy:<br />Bohr – Sommerfield theory of Hydrogen atoms – Space quantisation – fine structure of spectral lines –<br />Alkali spectra – Zeeman effect Vector atom model of one electron system – Paschen – Back effect – Stark<br />effect in Hydrogen atoms – Band spectra – Types of band spectra-I.R. and Raman effect. Isotope effect –<br />Franck – Candon Principle.<br /> <br />8<br />CHEMISTRY<br />Inorganic Chemistry:<br />1. Atomic structure & Chemical Bonding – Quantum theory Schrodinger – wave equation – Hydrogen<br />atom,Hydrogen molecule – Elements on valence bond – molecular orbital theories.<br />2. Determination of molecular structure – X – ray and electron diffraction methods.<br />3. Periodic classification (Classical and modern) periodic functions of elements – atomic volume – atomic<br />radious electronegativity-oxidation states – lattice energy and their applications.<br />4. Chemistry of d-block elements – Physical and chemical characteristics of the transition elements –<br />Characteristics related to electronic arrangements oxidation states – colow magnetic properties –<br />Complex formation – interstitial L-S couping – Hund’s rule. A General study of the first transition<br />series.<br />5. Chemistry of F-block elements – Lanthanons and Actinons – electronic configurations – oxidation’s<br />states – Separation of Lanthanons and Actinons.<br />6. Chemistry of complex compounds: Jourgenson and werner’s views – effective atomic number –<br />valence bond theory – Introductory treatment of crystalfield theory applied to complexes with co-<br />ordination number 6.<br />7. Isomerism in complexes: Geometrical and optical isomerism of four and six co-ordinated complexes.<br />Pearson’s theory of hard and soft acids and bases.<br />8. Study of the following elements and their modern Chemistry Be, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, U, and Th.<br />9. Alloys: Interimettalic compounds.<br />Physical Chemistry:<br />10. Radio activity: Elementary account of nuclear structure natural and artificial radio activity –<br />characterisation of relations – decay chains-half-life-decay constant and average life. Radio-active<br />series, atomic transmutation – atomic fission and fusion reactions and their applications – nuclear<br />isomers and their separations.<br />11. Kinetic theory of gases: Equations of state – critical constants – States of aggregation – liquid states –<br />viscocity – physical properties an chemical constitution – collision theory of derivation of the collision –<br />number from Kinetic theory of gases.<br />12. Chemical Kinetics: order and molecularity of reaction first order and second order reactions – law of<br />mass action – influence of temperature and pressure – thermo-dynamic derivation of Law of mass<br />action – unimolecular reactions Lindemann’s theory.<br />13. Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics and its applications to ideal gases, energy and<br />enthalpy changes in gases, heat capacities of gases and their inter-relation. Isothermal and adiabatic<br />processes – Kirchoff’s equation and its applications – Vant Hoff’s isotherm isochore equilibria in<br />heterogeneous system. Second Flaw of thermo dynamics (Joules and Joule Thomson experiments).<br />Entropy change in an isolated system for reversible and irrevbersible processes – Variation on entropy<br />of a system with temperature and pressure.<br />Organic Chemistry:<br />14. Heterocylic compounds and chemistry of nutral products – Importance of heterocyclic compounds –<br />classification based on the natury of heterocetom, size of the ring and II excessive and II deficient<br />nature of the ring.<br />A general and comparative study of Furan pyrole and thiophene Ring transformations. General<br />comparison with benzenoidd compounds, pyridine, quinotine, Isoquinoline and acrdine-fII deficient<br />nature of heterocylic rings – case of nucleophilic substitution.<br />15. Methods of synthesis, reactivity and properties of the following polynuclear aromatic compounds:<br />anthracene, Benzanthracene, Phenontherene Chryeneand picene.<br />16. Benzopyrones : Couamarins and Chromones.<br />17. Alkaloids: General occurrence, reactions and degradations. Chemical and Physico-Chemical methods<br />for the elucidation of structures-synthesis and structural elucidation of the following alakaloids –<br />atropine – cocaine - quinene – Narcotine – papaverine.<br />18. Organic reaction mechanism: Structure and reactivity of organic molecules – Factors affecting<br />Electron density in a band-inductive, induct rometric, mesomeric, (reasonance) and electrometric<br />effects, hyperconjugation – Dipole moments-acedic and basic strength of organic Compounds.<br />Modern concepts of organic reaction mechanisms – Addition, substitution and elimination reactions –<br />simple examples and their mechanism. The intermediate carboniumion formation and its participation<br />in organic reactions. Addition C-C, system-pinocol-pincolene rearrange rearrangements. Automatic<br />substitution – Formation and hydrolysis of esters.<br />19. Some name reactions: Wurtz-Friedel-Crafts, Fries-Gatter-mann – Perin – Beckmann’s rearrangements<br />and Grignard reactions.<br />20. Carbohydrates: General reactions of monosaccha rides – configurational studies on glucose, fructose,<br />sucrose, Recent advances in the Chemistry of cellulose and starch.<br />21. Proteins – Introduction to proteins – their classification – Nomenclature and distribution in nature<br />simple, amino acids – Isolation and their synthesis.<br /> <br />9<br />22. General Ideas regarding the chemistry of vitamins & Harmones nicotine, B-Carotene and Vitamin C.<br />23. Alicyclic compounds: Synthesis and reactions Bayers strain theory – Factors affecting stability of<br />conformation – terpenes – citral – gerniol – limonenene – terpinol – pinene and camphor.<br />24. Stereo Chemistry: Opticnal and geometrtic isomerism configuration of saturated molecues – DL and<br />RS configuration of optically active compound-racemic – mixtures – racemisation and resolution.<br />25. Molecular spectra: NMR, Chemical shift – Spin – Spincoupling – ESR of simple radicals – Rotational<br />Spectra, diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution – Vibrational and Raman<br />Spectra.<br />Physical Chemistry:<br />26. Electro-Chemistry: Equivalent conductance and its measurement. The independent migration of jons<br />– kholraush’s Law. Transport number and their determination. Ionic mobilities. Equivalent<br />conductance of weak and strong electrolytes. Inter-ionic attraction theory treated quantitatively-<br />Debye-huckle-onsager equation. Determination of solubilities from conductance measurements -–<br />Conductometric titration’s.<br />Ionic product of water and its determination from conductance and EMF methods – theories of acids<br />and bases – Hydrogen ion concentration and its measurements from E.M.F.measurements using<br />Hydrogen quin – hydroen and glass electrodes – Buffer solutions – Henderson’s equation<br />potentiometric titration’s – Determinations of equilibrium constant and solubilities from<br />E.M.F.measurements – Gibbs – Helmbholtz equation and its application to chemical cells.<br />27. Photo – Chemistry: Laws on absorption of light – Gretius – Draper Laws – Einstiens Law in Chain<br />reactions – Hydrogen chlorine reactions – absorption – Laws of absorption.<br />28. Surface Chemistry and catalysis – Absorption isotherms, surface area determination, heterogeneous<br />catalysis, acid-base and enzyme cotolysis.<br /> <br />10<br />BOTANY<br />I. Bacteria and Viruses:<br />1. General Account of viruses. Definition, Characterisation, Chemistry, Ultrasturcture, Composition,<br />replication, Bacteriaphages, transmission of plant viruses, Importance.<br />2. General account of bacteria – Characteristics, shape, ultrastructure of the cell, nutrition, reproduction,<br />classification and importance.<br />II. Plant Pathology:<br />1. Disease symptoms produced by Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses.<br />2. A general account of important diseases of crop plants and their control:<br />a) Late blight of potato f) Leaf spot of rice.<br />b) Smuts (Wheat, Jowar) g) Citrus cancer<br />c) Rust of wheat h) Bacterial blight of paddy.<br />d) Leaf spot of groundnut. i) Angular leaf spot of cotton.<br />e) Paddy blast. j) Mosaic of Tobacco.<br />3. Mycoplasma.<br />4. Control of plant diseases (A general account)<br />III. Algae (Phycology)<br />1. Introduction and general classification of Algae.<br />2. Criteria for the classification.<br />3. Thallus organization in Algae.<br />4. Economic importance of Algae.<br />5. General characters, structure, Reproduction, pigments, phylogeny, life cycles etc., of main groups in<br />Algae with reference to Genera Given:<br />(a)<br />Cyanophyceae (Nostoc, Scytonema, Oscillatoria).<br />(b)<br />Chlorophyceae (Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Cladeopora, Oedogonium, Coleochaete, Chara).<br />(c) Bacillariaphyceae – General Account.<br />(d)<br />Xanthophyceae – Vautheria]<br />(e)<br />Phaeophyceae (Ectocarpus, Laminaria)<br />(f) Rhedophyceae (Polysiphonia, Gracillaria)<br />IV. Fungi (Mycology):<br />1. General Characters of fungi. Occurrence and thallus structure of fungi. Nutritional aspects of Fungi<br />(Saprophytism, parasitism, Symbiosis). Modes of reproduction (Sexual and Asexual). Life cycle in<br />fungi. Criteria for classification of fungi. Classificatory systems.<br />2. General characters, morphology, reproduction, phylogeny, affinities etc., of the following : main groups<br />with special reference to Genera given below:<br />a) Mytomycetes (stemonites).<br />b) Plasmodiophoromycetes (Plasmodiphora).<br />c) Mastigormycotina (Saprolegnia, Phytopthera).<br />d) Zygomycotina (Mucor).<br />e) Ascomycotina (Taphnina Eurotium, Erysiphe, Pleospora Neuropora).<br />f) Basidiomycotina (Puccinia, Agaricus).<br />g) Deuteromycotina (Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Phoma).<br />3. Economic importance of Fungi.<br />V. Bryophyta:<br />1. General characters of Bryophyta.<br />2. Sporophyte evolution in Bryophytes.<br />3. Classification of Bryophytes.<br />4. General account of the following main groups.<br />a) Hepaticopsida, (b) Anthoceratopsida, (c) Bryopsida.<br />5. Structure, reproduction and systematics of the following genera:<br />a) Marchantia, (b) Anthoceros, (c) Sphagmum (d) Funaria.<br />VI. Pteridophyta:<br />1. General characters of pteridophytes.<br />2. Classification of pteridophytes.<br />3. General characters of the following main groups:<br />a) Psilopsida; b) Lycopsida; c) Sphenopsida (Eusporangiate and Leptosporangiates):<br />4. Morphology, anatomy, reproduction and affinities of the following genera:<br />a) Psilotum; b) Lycopodium; c) Selaginella; d) Ophioglostum; e) Marsilea; f) Pteris.<br /> <br />11<br />VII. Palaeobotany:<br />1. Fossil pteridophytes .<br />2. Origin and evolution of land plants.<br />3. Homospory, Heterospory and Origin of Seed.<br />4. Telome theory and origin of sporophyte.<br />5. General account of the following fossil Gymnosperms.<br />a) Pteridosperms; b) Bennittitales; c) Cordaitales; d) Pentoxylales.<br />VIII. Gymnosperms:<br />1. Gymnosperms.<br />2. Comparative account of morphology, life history, Affinities etc. of the following:<br />a) Cycadophyta – Cycas, Zarnia,<br />b) Coniferophyta – Pinus.<br />c) Ginkgophyta – Gintgo.<br />d) Chlamydospermatophyta : Ephedra, Welwetschia, Gnetum.<br />3. Classification of Gymnosperms.<br />IX. Taxonomy of Angiosperms:<br />1. Systems of classification: - Hutchinson, Takhtajan, Bessey, Engler and Prantl, Bentham and Hooker.<br />2. Principles of taxonomy:- Criteria of classification, categories of classification, Diversity of Phyletic<br />concepts.<br />3. International code of Botanical nomenclature, principles, Typification, Citation and authority.<br />4. Recent trends in Taxonomy:<br />a) Biosystematics; b) Chemataxonomy; c) Serodiagnostic test and classification,<br />d) Numerical taxonomy.<br />5. Study of the following families with reference to their characterstics, economic importance, attributes<br />etc.,<br />a) Ranuculacease, e) Malvaceae, i) Apocynaceae, m) Solanaceae,<br />b) Caryophyllaceae, f) Tiliacee, j) Asclepiadaceae, n) Euphorbiaceae,<br />c) Sterculiaceae, g) Rubiaceae, k) Boraginaceae, o) Poaceae.<br />d) Sapotaceae, h) Compositae, l) Convolvulaceae,<br />X. Anatomy and Cell Biology:<br />1. Ultra structure of the cell and cell organelles along with their functions.<br />2. Cell wall structure.<br />3. Tissue and Tissue systems.<br />4. Meristems – Shoot and root apices.<br />5. Normal and anamolom Secondary growth.<br />XI. Embryology:<br />1. Concept of primitive flower.<br />2. Development of anther and ovule.<br />3. General account of Embryosac and types of Embryo.<br />4. Fertilization.<br />5. Endosperm morphology and types.<br />6. Polyembryony and apomixis.<br />XII. Cytology, Genetics and Evolution:<br />1. Mitosis and Meiosis.<br />2. Chromosome (Morphology, Structures importance etc.).<br />3. Concept of gene, laws of inheritance gene action.<br />4. Genetic code.<br />5. Linkage and crossing over.<br />6. Parasexuality.<br />7. General account of Mutations<br />8. Polyploidy and its role in crop improvement.<br />9. Origin of life.<br />XII. Ecology and Phytogeography :<br />1. Ecosystem: - Concept, boitic and abiotic components, ecological pyramids, productivity.<br />2. Geo-chemical cycles.<br />(Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorous cycles).<br />3. Plant succession – Xerosere and Hydrosere.<br />4. Floristic regions of the world.<br />5. Floristic zones of India.<br /> <br />12<br />XIV. Physiology:<br />1. Absorption and translocation of water.<br />2. Transpiration and stomatal behaviour.<br />3. Absorption and uptake of Ions, Donnan’s equilibrium.<br />4. Role of micronutrients in plant growth.<br />5. Translocation of solutes.<br />6. Respiration (Glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, structure and role of mitochondria, Krebs cycle,<br />Oxidative phosphorylation, Photorespiration, Respiratory quotient, Fermentation, Pasteur effect<br />Factors affecting).<br />7. Photosynthesis: - light and dark reaction, Red drop, Emerson effect, Two pigment systems,<br />Mechanism of Hydrogen transfer, Calvin cycle, Enzymes of CO2 reduction, Hatch a slack cycle C4<br />cycle, CAM Pathway, Factors affecting photosynthesis, Pigments.<br />8. The enzymes: Nomenclature and classification, structure and composition, Mode of enzyme action,<br />Factors affecting.<br />9. Nitroge, Metabolism and bio, synthesis of proteins Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogen cycle, (Physical and<br />biological) Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid, metabolism, Biosynthesis of proteins.<br />10. Plant hormones Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscissic acid (General account).<br />XV. Economic Botany:<br />1. Cultivation, economic importance, systematic position and morphology of the following plants.<br />(a) Rice (e) Sugarcane (I) Coffee (m) Rauwolfia<br />(b) Wheat (f) Groundnut (j) Tea (n) Pigeon pea<br />(c) Jowar (g) Sun flower (k) Jute (o) Pearl millet.<br />(d) Cotton (h) Castor (l) Cardamom<br />XVI. Recent Aspects of Botany:<br />1. Modern techniques<br />a) Electron microscopy, e) Electrophoresis<br />b) Phase contrast microscopy f) The tracer technique<br />c) Spectro photometry g) Auto radiography<br />d) Chromatography h) Sero-diagnostic methods.<br />2. Genetic engineering.<br />3. Plant tissue culture.<br />4. Alternative sources of Energy.<br />5. Social forestry.<br />6. Microorganisms as tools in understanding biological systems.<br />7. Environmental pollution (Water, soil, air) health hazards and control.<br /> <br />13<br />ZOOLOGY<br />Non-chordata and Chordata:<br />Non-Chordata:<br />1. Protozoa-Classification of protozoa (Honigberg), Locomotion in Protozoa, Nutrition in protozoa,<br />Reproduction in protozoa, Diseases of Protozoa, Economic importance of Protozoa.<br />2. Porifera: Canal system in porifera, skeleton in porifera, Reproduction in sponges.<br />3. Coelenterata : Polymorphism in coelenteratas, Metagenesis coral formation, etenophora.<br />4. Hemlinths: Common Helminthic parasites of Man – Taenia solium, Schistosoma sp., Ascaris,<br />Ancylostoma, Oxyuris Loa, Trichinella, Strongyloides – their life cycles, Parasitism.<br />5. Annelida: Excretory system in Annelida, Coelome formation.<br />6. Arthropoda: Mouthparts of Insects, crustacean larvae, parasitisim in crustacea, useful and harmful<br />insects, Metamorphosis in insects. Apiculture and sericulture in India.<br />7. Mollusca: Respiritation in Mollusca, Torsion and Detorsion, pearl formation and Pearl industry.<br />8. Echinodermata: Echinoderm larvae.<br />CHORDATA:<br />Origin of Chordata, phylogeny and affinities of Hemichordata Retrogressive metamorphosis,<br />Comparative account of Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory and Reproductive systems of<br />Vertebrates. Pisciculture in India, Common edible fishes of A.P., Origin and classification of<br />Amphibia, Paedogenesis.<br />Temporal fossae in Reptilia, Important snakes of India, Dinosaurs.<br />Adaptations of flight in birds, Migration of birds. Poultry in India.<br />Adaptive radiation in Mammals, Aquatic Mammals, useful Mammals, Dentition in Mammals.<br />Evolution of placentalia.<br />Cell Biology Genetics, Physiology, Evolution, Embryology, Histology, Ecology.<br />Cell Biology: Ultra structure of the Cell-Plasma membrane – Mitochondria, Golgibodies, Nucleus,<br />Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes. Chromosomes and their fine structure. Mitosis and meiosis-<br />D.N.A. & R.N.A. and geneic code, Protein synthesis.<br />Genetics: Mendel’s law of inheritance – Critical review. Linkage, crossing over, Sex linked<br />inheritance, Mutations, Inborn errors of Metabolism, Human genetics.<br />Physiology: Vitamins; Enzymes; Carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism; Osmoregulation,<br />Thermoregulation; Excretion in Vertebrates; Muscle contraction; Nerve Impulse; vertebrate<br />harmones and Mammalian reproduction.<br />Evolution: Origin of life – Modern concepts, theories of Evolution, Isolation, Speciation, Natural<br />Selection, Hardy weinberg'’ Law, Population genetics and evolution, Adaptations, Evolution of Man.<br />Zoogeographical realms of the world.<br />Embryology: Cleavage patterns; Gastrulation and its significance in development of vertebrates;<br />Formation and functions of Foetal membranes, Types of placenta, organisers, Regeneration, genetic<br />control of development organogenesis of central nervous system, sense organs, heart and kidney of<br />vertebrate embryos.<br />Histology: Histology of Mammalian tissues and organs – Epithelial, connective, blood, bone,<br />cartilage, skin, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, Testis and ovary.<br />Ecology: Concept of Ecosystem, Biogoechemical cycles, influence of environmental factors on<br />animals, energy flow in Ecosystem, food chains & Tropic levels, community ecology. Ecological<br />Succession, Environmental Pollution – Air, water, land, Noise, Radioactive, thermal and Visual,<br />Effects of Pollution on ecosystem, Prevention of Pollution.<br />Wild life in India – Conservation.<br />Man & Biosphere Programme – Chipko movement.<br /> <br />14<br />HISTORY<br />Ancient India:<br />1. Harappan Civilisation -- Extent, major cities, Characterstic features, social and economic conditions,<br />script, religious paractices, causes for the decline.<br />2. Vedic Age: Importance of Vedic literature, political, social and economic conditions in the early and<br />later vedic age.<br />th<br />3. India in the 6<br />Century B.C.: Social and economic conditions, Rise and spread of jainism and<br />Bhuddhism.<br />4. Mauryan Age: political history of the Mauryans, Ashoka, Mauryan Administration, Social and<br />economic conditions, decline of the Mauryan empire.<br />5. The Sathavahanas: political history, administration, contribution to the culture.<br />6. Gupta period: Political history, administration, social and economic conditions, growth of culture,<br />decline of the empire.<br />th<br />7. India in the 7<br />Century A.D.: Harsha vardhana, Pallavas and Chalukyas, their political history and<br />their contribution to culture.<br />Medieval India:<br />8. India between 650 and 1200 A.D. -- political, Social and economic conditions, Chola administration<br />and culture, Sankaracharya.<br />9. Age of the Delhi Sultanate: (1206-1526), Military and Administrative organisation. Changes in<br />Society and economy, Bhakthi movement.<br />10. The Vijayanagar Empire: Origin, History, Krishnadevaraya, Social and economic conditions, growth<br />of culture, decline.<br />11. Mughal Age (1556-1707): political history, Akbar, Administration, Social and Economic conditions,<br />culture, decline of the Mauryan empire Maharattas and Shivaji.<br />Modern India (1757-1947):<br />12. Historical forces and factors which led to the establishment of the British power in India -Early<br />resistance to the British power in India - Hyder Ali, Tippu Sultan, causes for their failure.<br />13. Evolution of British paramountcy in India: Policies of Wellesley and Dalhousie.<br />14. Socio-religious reform movements Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi and others.<br />15. Revolt of 1857: Causes, results, significance.<br />16. Rise and growth of the Indian National Movement: Birth of the Indian National Congress, the<br />national movement from 1885 to 1905; movement from 1905 to 1920. Role of Tilak and Annie<br />Besant; The movement from 1920 to 1947; Emergence of Gandhi; Non-cooperation movement, Salt<br />Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement.<br />Freedom movement in Andhra Pradesh with special reference to the role ofAlluri Sitharama Raju<br />and Tanguturi Prakasam, Revolt against the Nizam's rule in Telengana.<br />Modern world:<br />17. Industrial Revolution - Significance and results.<br />18. American war of Independence courses, significance and results.<br />19. French Revolution - Courses, significance and effects.<br />th<br />20. National Liberation movements in Italy and Germany in the 19<br />Century - Mazzini, Cavour, Garivildi,<br />Bismark.<br />21. I World War - Causes and effects.<br />22. The Russian Revolution of 1917 - Causes, importance and results.<br />23. The World between the two world wars - Nazisms in Germany, Fascism in Italy. Turkey under<br />Mustafa Kamal Pasha<br />24. Developments in China 1911-1949 – Nationalist Revolution of 1911 – Communist Revolution of<br />1948<br />25. II World War -- Causes and effects.<br /> <br />15<br />POLITICAL SCIENCE<br />1, State: Theories of origin of State. Rights and Duties, Law, Liberty and Equality. Nation & Nationality<br />– Forms of Government Press – Pressure Groups and parties<br />2. Ideologies: Utilitarianism – Individualism – Idealism. Theories of Socialism – Gandhian philosophy<br />3. Theories of Decision making – Behaviouralism – System Theory, Elite Theory – Structural functional<br />decision-making and Game Theory.<br />4. Nature of Indian Constitution – Fundamental Rights – Directive Principles of state policy legislature –<br />Executive and Judiciary – Judicial Review – Centre-State relations – Problems of National<br />Integration.<br />5. United Nations and Collective Security – Concept of power in International Relations – Balance of<br />Power, Cold-wars détente. Arms Control and Disarmament.<br />6. Problems of Third World. New Colonialism – Non-alignment India’s role in world affairs.<br /> <br />16<br />PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION<br />1. Meaning and scope of Public Administration – Its relations with other Social Sciences – The Art and<br />Science of Public Administration<br />2. Theories of Administration – Classical, Human Relations, Ecological, Systems approach – Decision-<br />making<br />3. Concept of Development - Administration and Comparative Administration<br />4. Concept of Administration: Hierarchy, Span of Control, Co-ordination, Unity of Command,<br />Centralisation and Decentralisation, Authority and responsibility, Formal and Informal Organisation,<br />Decision making, Leadership, Administrative Planning, Communication, Work motivation,<br />Management Information system.<br />5. Types of Organisation: Departments, Corporations, Independent Regulatory Commissions.<br />6. Administrative adjudications, Delegated Legislation<br />7. Controls over Administration – Legislative, Executive, Judicial<br />8. Personnel Administration – Recruitment, Promotion, All India Services, Political Rights of Civil<br />Servants – Right to strike – Negotiating Machinery – Generalist versus Specialisits – Controversy,<br />Citizens Grievances – Lok Ayukta and Lokpal; the A.P. Administrative Tribunal.<br />9. Financial Administration – Principles of Budgeting, Performance Budgeting, PPBS, Budgeting in<br />India, Organisation and Role of Finance Ministry<br />10. Centre- State and State-Local Relations in India<br />11. Planning in India – Planning Commission, Planning Process at National and State levels – Concept<br />of Block Planning<br />12. State Administration – Organisation, Secretariat, Minister – Civil Servant relations – Directorates –<br />Boards of Revenue, Functional Commissioners, Regional Administration, Divisional Commissioners,<br />District Administration<br />13. Local Government; Theories of Local Government – Organisation, Process, Functions and working<br />of Panchayat Raj Institutions in Andhra Pradesh, Municipal Administration in Andhra Pradesh; Urban<br />Development Authorities; Official – Non-Official relations in local Government relations.<br /> <br />17<br />HINDI<br />I. Study of the following ten authors and poets:<br />1. Kabir<br />2. Tusdidas<br />3. Bihari<br />4. Surdas<br />5. Acharya Ramachandra Shukla<br />6. Premchand<br />7. Prasad<br />8. Pant<br />9. Nirala<br />10. Dinakar<br />II. Appreciation of the popular couplets of Tulsi, Kabir, Rahim, Vrinda etc., and a few lines from modern<br />poets of Prasad, Pant etc.<br />III. Origin and development of prominent literary genres in modern Hindi, e.g. Novel, Short Story,<br />Drama, Criticism.<br />IV. The study of the following eight trends of the history of Hindi Literature.<br />1. Gyan Margi Shakha<br />2. Prem Margi Shakha<br />3. Ram Bhakti Shakha<br />4. Krishna Bhakti Shakha<br />5. Riti kavya<br />6. Chayavada<br />7. Pragativada<br />8. Nai Kavita<br />V. History of various aspects of Hindi Language, eg:<br />1. Grammatical and lexical features of Apabhransa, Avahatta and early Hindi.<br />th<br />2. Evolution of Khari Boli Hindi as literary language during 19<br />Century<br />3. Development of Hindi as Rastra Bhasha during freedom struggle and as official<br />language of Indian Union since Independence.<br />4. Major Dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship<br />5. Functional and significant grammatical features of standard Hindi<br />6. Origin and development of Devanagari script and its role in standardization of Hindi<br />language.<br /> <br />18<br />URDU<br />01. The study of the following Ten Authors and Poets:<br />1. Mohammad Quli Qutub Shah 6. Sir Syed.<br />2. Wali. 7. Hali.<br />3. Meer. 8. Iqbal.<br />4. Anees. 9. Premchand.<br />5. Ghalib. 10. Krishna Chander.<br />02. Appreciation of couplets of renowned poets.<br />03. The Study of the following eight trends of the History of Urdu Literature.<br />1. Development of Urdu under the Qutubshahis, and the Adil Shahis.<br />2. Delhi School.<br />3. Lucknow School.<br />4. Fort William College.<br />5. Alighar movement.<br />6. Iqbal and his Age.<br />7. The Contribution of Jamia Osmania.<br />8. Impact of progressive movement.<br />04. Study of various aspects of Language and Literature.duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com31tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-61255198684841189482008-12-30T20:59:00.000-08:002008-12-30T21:00:59.937-08:00SyllabusGROUP- I SERVICES<br />SYLLABUS<br />GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY<br />(SCREENING TEST – OBJECTIVE TYPE)<br />1. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their implications<br />including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of a well-educated<br />person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.<br />2. Current events of national and international importance.<br />3. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social,<br />economic, cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.<br />4. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.<br />5. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development – Planning<br />and economic reforms in India.<br />6. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences.<br />MAIN EXAMINATION (CONVENTIONAL TYPE)<br />GENERAL ENGLISH<br />(X CLASS STANDARD, QUALIFYING FOR INTERVIEW)<br />1. Comprehension<br />2. Precis-writing<br />3. Re-arrangement of sentences<br />4. Correction of sentences<br />5. Synonyms<br />6. Antonyms<br />7. Filling in the blanks<br />8. Correction of spellings<br />9. Vocabulary and usage<br />10. Idioms and phrases<br />11. Verb tenses<br />12. Prepositions<br />13. Active voice and Passive voice<br />14. Parts of speech<br />PAPER-I<br />GENERAL ESSAY<br />(Candidate should write three Essays one from each section compulsorily. Each section contains<br />three topics. Each Essay carries 50 marks.)<br />SECTION-I : Crisis management, Social problems, Analysis and solutions.<br />SECTION-II : Current events of national and international importance.<br />SECTION –III : Current events relating to State of Andhra Pradesh.<br />3<br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />PAPER-II<br />SECTION-I<br />TH<br />HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA WITH EMPHASIS ON 20<br />CENTURY HISTORY OF INDIA<br />1. Indus Civilization – Vedic Civilization – Distinction between Indus Civilisation and Vedic<br />Civilisation – Evolution of Varna, Jathi/caste system – Religious condition – Emergence of<br />Religious Movements (Jainism, Buddhism and other sects) – Rise of Magadha Imperialism –<br />Rise of Mahayana and Development of Art (Gandhara, Mathura and other Schools).<br />2. Advent of Islam and its impact – Influence of Islam on Indian Culture – Religious Movements<br />– Nature and significance of Bhakti Movements – Growth of vernacular languages, literature,<br />fine arts, architecture, monuments, Indo-Persian art and architecture - Vijayanagara empire<br />and their contribution to art, literature and culture – socio-economic conditions, administration,<br />fall of Vijayanagar empire – the Great Moghals and their contribution to Indian Fine Art,<br />Architecture and Fine Arts – Rise of Shivaji.<br />3. Stages of colonialism – changes in administrative structure and politics – factors leading for<br />the British supremacy, assistance of Indian Powers and the causes of failures – Civil rebellions<br />– Revolt of 1857 and its impact – Rise of nationalist consciousness and factors for the growth<br />of Indian Nationalism and Freedom Struggle : Three Phases :1885-1905, 1905-1920, 1920-47<br />and significance of Gandhian Era.<br />4. Rise and growth of Socio-Religious-cultural – anti-caste, Dalit and non-Brahmin, Justice/self-<br />respect movements in modern India – Social reform organisations and role of intellectuals –<br />Raja Ram Mohan Roy - Dayanand Saraswathi - Jyotiba Phule - Narayana Guru - Mahathma<br />Gandhi - Ambedkar and others.<br />5. Nationalist Literature – growth of peasant and labour movements – role of leftist parties in anti-<br />feudal and anti-colonial struggles-rise and growth of Women’s movements – origin and growth<br />of communalism – workers and peasant movements –freedom and partition of India; important<br />historical events after independence.<br />SECTION-II<br />SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF ANDHRA PRADESH<br />1. The Satavahanas and their contribution – social structure – religious conditions – growth of<br />literature and painting – Ikshvakus and their cultural contribution – Growth of Buddhism in<br />Andhra Pradesh – The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi and their importance – socio-cultural<br />contribution – growth of Telugu language & Literature – education and learning – Religious<br />Sects – growth of art and architecture.<br />2. Socio- Cultural and Religious conditions in Andhra Desha between 1000 AD – 1565 AD<br />Growth of Telugu Language and Literature – Nannaya- Molla etc., fine arts and<br />architecture – Monuments – Significance – Contribution of Qutubshahis to Telugu<br />language and Literature – Art- Architecture- Monuments.<br />3. Modern Andhra - Socio-cultural awakening in Andhra – Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj,<br />Theosohica society – Adi-Andhra, Movements and role of Veereshalingam and others –<br />Non-Brahmin, Adi- Andhra /Dalit and Justice/self – respect movements – Gurram Joshuva<br />– Boyi Bheemanna – Sri Sri and others – Growth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra and<br />the Andhra Leaders during the Freedom Struggle – Role of socialists – communists – anti-<br />zamindari-kisan movements.<br />4. Asafjahi Dynasty – socio-cultural awakening in Telangana -Adi-Hindu Movement – Nizam<br />Rashtra Janasangham – Andhra Mahasabha – Andhra Saaraswata Parishat – The role of<br />Hyderabad State Congress and Vandemataram Movement.<br />5. Telangana People’s Armed Struggle – Ittehadul-Muslimeen – Razakars-anti-Nizam<br />Struggles and end of Nizam’s Rule and integration of Hyderabad State in Indian Union –<br />Formation of Andhra Pradesh.<br />4<br /> <br />SECTION-III<br />GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION<br />1. Nature of the Constitution – constitutional developments – salient features – Preamble –<br />Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and their relationship -<br />Fundamental Duties, Distinctive features of Indian Federation.<br />2. Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the State; Administrative and<br />Financial relations between the Union and the States – Powers and the functions of<br />Constitutional Bodies.<br />3. Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures – Functions and crises of accountability, decline of<br />legislature - Delegated Legislation – Legislative and Judicial control over the delegated<br />legislation – Judicial review of administrative action.<br />4. Amendment of the Constitution – Basic Structure Theory – Emergency Provisions and De-<br />centralisation – Community development experiment – 3 tier model of Panchayat Raj –<br />rd<br />th<br />73<br />and 74<br />amendments and their implementation.<br />5. Welfare Mechanism in India: Provisions for scheduled castes, Tribes and Minorities;<br />Reservations for SC, ST and Backward classes; Prevention of SC and ST Atrocities Act;<br />National and State SC and ST Commission; Women’s Commission; National and State<br />Minorities Commission and Human Rights Commission.<br />PAPER-III<br />SECTION-I<br />PLANNING IN INDIA & INDIAN ECONOMY<br />6. National and per capita income and human development - Sectoral changes in the Indian<br />Economy (GDP and work force).<br />7. Indian Planning – Objectives, priorities, specific aims of the recent 5 year plan-- experience<br />and problems. Changes in the role of public-Private Sectors and their shares in the total<br />plan outlay before and after economic reforms.<br />8. Poverty and unemployment problems-- magnitude and measures initiated to ameliorate<br />them.<br />9. Monetary policy – Structure of Indian Banking and non-banking financial institutions and<br />reforms in them since the 1990s—regulation of credit by RBI.<br />10. Pattern of revenue, expenditure and public debt and effects on the economy.<br />SECTION-II<br />LAND REFORMS & SOCIAL CHANGES IN A.P. AFTER INDEPENDENCE<br />1. Historical background of land reforms and the change in laws from time to time –<br />Intermediaries abolition, tenancy reforms, ceilings on holdings and land issues in A.P.<br />2. Structure of the Andhra Pradesh economy - its sectoral and regional distribution and the<br />extent of poverty. Agricultural inputs and technology.<br />3. Demographic features and social backwardness, literacy and occupation structure;<br />changes in the sectoral distribution of income and employment. Socio-political and<br />economic empowerment of women.<br />4. State finances and budgetary policy – tax structure, sharing central taxes, expenditure<br />pattern in revenue and capital account as well as plan and non-plan accounts. Public debt<br />– composition - internal and external debt including World Bank loans.<br />5. Five year plans of AP – Outlays, financing public sector plan and resource allocation<br />pattern in the recent 5 year plan.<br />5<br /> <br />SECTION –III<br />ANDHRA PRADESH’S ECONOMY, PRESENT STATUS, ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES<br />1. Growth and structure of industries in AP; Factories, small and tiny sectors, their<br />comparison, growth, weaknesses and problems.<br />2. Structure of agricultural outputs. Administrated prices including support and procurement<br />prices - Public Distribution System in Andhra Pradesh.<br />3. Regional disparities in income, industrial output, rainfall, irrigation, health and education in<br />AP.<br />4. Institutional and non-institutional sources of rural credit in AP - structure and growth -<br />cooperatives and their share in total credit - adequacy and problems.<br />5. Service Sector of AP – Importance, composition and growth with special reference to<br />transport and communication, tourism and information technology.<br />PAPER-IV<br />SECTION-I<br />ROLE AND IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA:<br />UNIT 1: National policy of science and technology and changes in the policy from time to time,<br />Technology Missions.<br />UNIT 2: Space programme in India and its applications with special reference to industrial, agricultural<br />and other rural developmental activities, INSAT and IRS systems.<br />UNIT 3: Role of Information Technology in Rural India, basics of computers, computers in<br />communication and broadcasting, software development in economic growth. Broad IT applications.<br />UNIT 4: Energy Resources: Energy demands, renewable energy resources, nuclear energy, the<br />development and its utilisation in the country.<br />UNIT 5: Current Science & Technology Developments in India, Climate change, Disaster<br />Management (Floods, Cyclones and Tsunami); Crop science in India, Fertilisers, Control of pests and<br />diseases – scenario in India; Drinking water and supply, urbanisation and industrial development.<br />SECTION-II<br />GENERAL AWARENESS WITH THE MODERN TRENDS IN LIFE SCIENCES<br />UNIT 1: Progress of Agricultural Science and its impacts - Introduction to Biotechnology: History of<br />fermentation development, industrially important fermentation products (antibiotics, organic acids,<br />alcohols, vitamins, amino acids (only one in each category is to be studied)) Production of low<br />volume, high value fermentation products (insulin, growth hormones, recombinant vaccines,<br />interferons)<br />UNIT 2: Plants and human affairs, characteristics of plants, usefulness for mankind, origin of<br />agriculture, useful and harmful plants. Introduction to animals, Domestic and wild animals, usefulness<br />of animals for mankind, Exploitation of animals by man for food and medical advancements.<br />UNIT 3: Introduction to and applications of Genetic Engineering & Stem Cell Research: Basic<br />concepts (the basic process of genetic engineering) – Biotechnology in agriculture (Biofertilisers,<br />Biopesticides, Biofuels, Genetically modified crops, Tissue culture) animal husbandry (transgenic<br />animals- applications) and environment (Biotechnology in Environmental clean up processes).<br />UNIT 4: Microbial infections ; Common present day infections and preventive measures. Introduction<br />to bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections. Basic knowledge of infections caused by different<br />groups of micro organisms – diarrhoea, dysentry, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, viral infections like<br />HIV, encephalitis, chikungunya, bird flu – preventive measures during out breaks.<br />UNIT 5: Vaccines: Introduction to immunity, Fundamental concepts in vaccination and traditional<br />methods of vaccine production (production of DPT and Rabies vaccine), Production of Modern<br />Vaccines (production of Hepatitis vaccine), Applications of immunological methods in diagnosis.<br />6<br /> <br />SECTION-III<br />DEVELOPMENT & ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS:<br />UNIT 1: Environmental Segments, Promoting Environmental Protection, The Environment (Protection)<br />Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act,<br />Water pollution Cess Act, Forest conservation Act, Environmentalism<br />UNIT 2: Natural Resources: Forest Resources – Types of Forests, Uses of Forests. Water<br />Resources- Types of Dams, Drought Occurrences and Floods, Land Resources: Soils and Cropping<br />patterns, Mineral resources.<br />UNIT 3: Eco-Systems and Bio-diversity: Terminology of Ecology, Basic Concepts of Ecology, concept<br />of an Ecosystem, Food Chains in Eco systems, Types of Eco systems. Biodiversity and its<br />conservation: Types of biodiversity, Hotspots of Biodiversity, threats to diversity.<br />UNIT 4: Environment Pollution and Solid Waste Management: Air Pollution, water pollution, Soil<br />Pollution, Noise pollution. Solid Waste Management: Types of Solid waste, Factors affecting the<br />solid waste generation, Impact of solid wastes, Recycling and reuse.<br />UNIT 5: Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health. Global Environmental<br />Issues like Climate Change, Acid Rain, Global warming, Wasteland Reclamation, Watershed<br />management, watershed approach for sustainable development.<br />PAPER-V<br />DATA INTERPRETATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING<br />1. Data appreciation and interpretation using ratios, percentages and averages.<br />2. Drawing conclusions from the data present in tabular, graphical and diagrammatical forms and<br />to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein.<br />3. Problem solving using the following:<br />a) Sequences and Series: Analogies of numbers and alphabets, completion of blank spaces<br />in a:b,c,d, odd thing out, missing number in a sequence or series.<br />b) Coding and decoding problems: A given word or group of letters in English are to be coded<br />or decoded based on the given code(s).<br />c) Date, time and arrangement problems: Calender and clock problems, blood relationship<br />and seating arrangements.<br />d) Passage Analysis: A duly structured situation will be presented to the candidates and they<br />will be asked to analyse and suggest their own solution to the problem arising out of<br />situation. Alternatively, they may be called upon to prove the understanding of the<br />situation by answering certain searching questions based on the situation.duggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3631650099272842889.post-85942173403507761142008-12-30T20:22:00.000-08:002008-12-30T20:26:47.728-08:00APPSCAndhra pradesh public service commission has released notifications to various categories of post in the state i.e., Group I ,Group II, Group IV and other categories .<br /><br />For more details please go throuh apspsc.gov.in<br /><br /><br />keep visiting this blog for more updates and model questions. Keep ask the questions for clarification<br /><br />Yours <br />Duggiraladuggiralahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17587149873062362872noreply@blogger.com2